Everything is Design: The Hidden Ethics of Our Objects and Public Spaces

Ethics – to put it concisely – is ‘mindful well-being’. It is a set of standards that guides how we treat ourselves, one another, and the environment. When we design things for public use, we also communicate an ethical perspective. When we use things designed for us, we adopt their ethics.
This book synthesizes several different disciplines as they relate to design, ethics, and the built environment. Our objects, according to philosophers like Ihde, Verbeek, and Latour, mediate our experiences with the world around us. Through their designs (and, by extension, our perceived affordances), we largely comply with what our objects and spaces want us to do. At the micro-level, the phones in our pockets command our attentive processes in order to feed an attention economy. At the macro level, urban planning and infrastructure can both promote inclusivity and foment violence. We are deepl... y intertwined with the objects and spaces that have been designed for us. Baked into every object, process, system, and environment are the remnants of the designer’s morals, ethics, values, and biases.
Importantly, this book seeks to cultivate mindfulness of the reader’s interactions with their surrounding world, providing them with a line of inquiry that questions areas of unethical design in their built environment and offers useful critiques and new solutions to these ethical dilemmas. We often have the power to reject those things that are irresponsibly designed and unethical in nature, and it is through this agency as users that we can demand better from designers, developers, and companies. It is imperative to understand our mediated relationships with the built environment that surrounds us and the objects within it; this can help explain our behaviors and empower us to make ethical decisions that serve future generations.  Show more

List of Figures
List of Tables
Development of the Book
About the author
Preface
Chapter 1 What is ethical design?
Ethics v. morals
The social contract
Value-sensitive design
Chapter 2 Evaluating ethics
Ethical theories
The trolley problem
Critical design
Chapter 3 The Built Environment
Affordance theory
Hostile design
Infrastructure
Chapter 4 Nature
Climate change
Sustainability
Space ... environmentalism
Chapter 5 Crime
Designs against crimePre-criminality
Ethical prison design
Chapter 6 Animals
Zoo design
Necrofauna, or de-extinction
Factory farming
Chapter 7 Humans
Genetic design
Border control
Death by design
Chapter 8 Technology
Virtual realities
Surveillance
Autonomous vehicles
Chapter 9 Designing the future
On responsibility
Notes
References
Index  Show more

Alan J. Reid, PhD, is an Assistant Research Scientist at the Center for Research and Reform in Education (CRRE) at Johns Hopkins University, where he primarily conducts mixed-methods research studies and design reviews on the efficacy of learning technologies. In addition, he is an Adjunct Teaching Faculty in the School of Education and teaches a doctoral-level course in the Diffusion of Technology Innovations. Dr. Reid is also an Associate Professor of Writing and Instructional Technologies at Coastal Carolina University, where he teaches graduate courses in research and writing and undergrad... uate courses in new media, digital culture and design. He received tenure in 2021.
His previous works include ‘The Smartphone Paradox’ (2018) and ‘A Philosophy of Gun Violence’ (2022), both of which are precursors to this book, which seeks to evaluate technological mediation through the lenses of ethical behavior and decision-making. He has given several public lectures and appeared at numerous conferences to discuss the central theme of these publications: Technology is non-neutral, which defines our identities, compels our behaviors, and affects our psychological and emotional well-being.  Show more

Socio-technology, affordances, ethics, Science and Technology Studies (STS), ethical design